Four Counter-Narratives for Graphic Design History

• A Marxist Counter Narrative: The story of graphic design is told through its relationship to labor and class struggle.
• A people's History Counter Narrative: Graphic design is a universal human activity and 'the primary underlying matrix of life.'
• A Decolonized Counter Narrative: Graphic design is delinked from capitalism and Western centrality.
• An Intersectional Counter Narrative: Gender politics and queer theory interrupt conventional history.
• Any attempts to separate design to make a thing by itself runs counter to its inherent value as the underlying matrix of life
• A people's history suggests a bottom of orientation, design that rages, design that resists, rather than the proper function.
• Counter narrative create broader picture about who makes design in what context and what purposes beyond buying and selling.